![]() ![]() Thermal imaging cameras require an extensive calibration using different sensitivity curves allocated to each pixel, their output being compared to the temperature of a black body. The relative temperature of the FPA is then sequentially read by a bolometer that converts the temperature difference into resistance, further converted into electrical signals. They focus heat radiation using coated optics made of germanium, zinc salts, or surface mirrors, towards a focal plane array (FPA) of heat-conductive pixels. They are used to measure objects up to 10 meters in front of the camera. These devices operate like normal digital cameras, and capture a map of temperatures over a constant field-of-view (FOV). The first category comprises infrared cameras, also called thermal scanners. NCITs can be classified into two categories. ![]() NCITs were extensively reviewed in and validated for their use for fever symptoms detection. On the other hand, Non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) allow the temperature to be taken without contact and therefore do not require constant disinfection, take fast measurements (less than one second) and allow for a comfortable and much less intrusive measurement process. While RTDs are among the most precise temperature sensors available, the process of conduction is slow (around one minute) and the device needs extensive disinfection after use to prevent cross-contamination. Contact thermometers are measuring temperature using the conduction of heat to a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) or a thermistor through a metallic element. The traditional method for such a measurement is using contact thermometers placed in the mouth, ear, armpit or rectum. Body temperature can be measured in numerous ways. It reduces viral replication and is a straightforward marker of immune response. This method can help manufacturers and decision-makers to build and use more accurate tools so as to maximize both sensitivity and specificity of the screening protocol.įEVER, also called pyrexia, is one of the usual clinical features that appears during the course of several infectious diseases, such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. Herein, we propose a method able to extract and remove the influence of external perturbations and set the threshold for fever based on local statistics to 37.38 ☌, after calibration and temperature correction. Here we gathered a dataset of N=18024 measurements using the same precision infrared sensor in different locations while tracking both outside temperature, room temperature, time of measurement, and identity. However, forehead temperature measurements differ greatly from basal body temperatures, and are the target of massive perturbations from the environment. Non-contact infrared thermometers are able to measure forehead temperature in a timely manner and were used to perform a fast fever screening in a population. Elevated body temperature (fever) can be a common symptom of a medical condition, such as a viral or bacterial infection, including SARS-CoV-2 or influenza. ![]()
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